Study on Cuff-Less Blood Pressure Measurement Based on Electrocardiography and Photoplethysmography Signal

Abstract

The continuous blood pressure measurement research is widely known for helping
the development of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring where it measures blood pressure
every 15 to 30 minutes throughout the day. The cuff is a problem for the patient with
Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitor. It can make a person feel uncomfortable and must stay
still when the cuff starts to inflate. It is limiting and disturbing their daily activity when the
device is starting to measure the blood pressure. Blood pressure measurement without cuff is
being proposed in this research, called cuff-less blood pressure measurement. It will be based on
Photoplethysmography (PPG) and Electrocardiography (ECG) signal analysis. ECG (Lead 1,
Lead 2, and Lead 3) with PPG signal produced from index finger on the left hand are compared
and analyzed. Then the relation of PPG and ECG signal and the optimum location for daily use
can be obtained. The optimum location will be based on the electrode’s position that produced
the optimum ECG lead Signal to measure blood pressure. Based on the result, PPG and ECG
signal have a linear relation with Blood Pressure Measurement and Lead 1 is more stable in
producing the ECG signal. The equation from Lead 1 appeared as one of the optimum equations
for measuring Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) or Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP).