Cytotoxicity Assay of Saponin Containing Extract from Soursop Leaf Against Breast Cancer Cell

Abstract

This research was done to observe the activity of saponin contained in soursop leaf
against breast cancer cell. The experiment has been done to determine the amount of saponin
compound and its percentage of purity in soursop leaves extract. The extraction process was
done by reflux extraction using 75% ethanol for 4 hours, followed by liquid extraction. The
extraction was done in 2 different temperatures, namely 70oC and 90oC. Through the
experiment it is found that temperature has no significant effect in the yield of saponin, however
it has a huge contribute in influencing the percentage of purity. Percentage purity of extract
which was extracted using the temperature of 90oC is 38.785% with an average percentage yield
2.01%, which is equivalent to 0.1005 grams of total saponin content from 5 grams powdered
soursop leaves. LC-MS analysis detected the presence of saponin at the retention time 1.96,
with a name of Holothurinoside A, a non-sulfated saponin with a molecular formula C60H96O29
and molecular weight of 1280. In Brine Shrimp Lethality Test, the LC50 value of 10.16 ppm was
obtained, and from the MTT assay, the extract containing saponin has an IC50 value of 60.103,
which indicate that the extract is highly active and has a potent bioactivity.